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Gluconeogenesis (De Novo Synthesis of Glucose)

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Gluconeogenesis (De Novo Synthesis of Glucose) Gluconeogenesis is reversal of glycolysis. The non-carbohydrates molecules like amino acids, lactate and glycerol can be converted into pyruvate, then enters into mitochondria and is carboxylated to OAA. Here, OAA is converted into malate and entered into the cytoplasm and again reoxidized into OAA, which ultimately decarboxylated and then phosphorylated to phosphoenelpyruvate (PEP). Then, PEP enters into the gluconeogenic cycle with the reversal of 4 important key enzymes including PC, PEPCk, FBPase, and G6Pase. Adipose tissues releases glycerol into the plasma taken up by the liver and here it is converted into Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which is then changes to G-3-P or F-1,6-BP, and enters into gluconeogenic cycle.    Enzymes of Gluconeogenic Cycle For reversal of glycolysis irreversible enzymes, 4 gluconeogenesis enzymes including PC, PEPCK, FBPase and G6Pase plays important roles. 
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kEY IRREVERSIBLE REACTIONS OF GLYCOLYSIS REACTIONS

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 What is Glycolysis? Glycolysis or Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway was the first pathway elucidated. Meyerhof won the noble prize in 1922 in physiology and medicine for his discovery to find fixed relationship between lactic acid utilisation in muscles and expenditure of oxygen. The word glycolysis is derived from Greek word "glykys" means sweet and "lysis" means splitting. So, the glycolysis involves the splitting of 1 glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate molecules. Moving on the pyruvate have two fate, whether converted into the acetyl-CO-A in the presence of oxygen or Lactate in the absence of oxygen.  Summarising the glycolysis, it involves the 10 reactions that take place in cytosol and generate 2 ATP molecules. Despite taking place in the cytosol, yet evolved even before oxygen was present in the Earth's atmosphere.  Irreversible Reactions of Glycolysis Three irreversible reactions of glycolysis are regulatory steps involve 3 key enzymes hexokinase, phospho-fru...
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